There's another player off stage "The Producer" perhaps, or maybe "The Meta-Boss." Why is a no-progress meeting continuing? In your story, somebody a layer up from the VP is asleep at the switch. People are too expensive to waste like this, and the endless rehashing too ennervating to the organization as they watch progress not happen.

Even when the collective doesn't have the authority to Decide, there are two other closing moves: recommend, and punt. So, it is "bet the company." Probably a decision that ought to go to the CEO and maybe even the board. Fine. Scope out what it might look like and bring the CEO a recommendation. Or declare yourselves incompetent to do so. Either way, progress happens.

Making that call belongs to The Anchor, but can be prodded by The Synthesizer. Bring out the fact of the flailing, and put those closing moves on the table as other ways to exit.

If the meta-boss in your example is any good, somebody is in trouble already anyway, starting with the VP. Maybe all of the people in that Worst Meeting Ever are in trouble by now. They would be if I were the boss.

I think, once you walk out, you maybe ought to keep walking - figuratively at least - to have a "Heads' up" with the meta-boss a layer up. Something like this:

"Boss, I see a risk for you here. We've been talking about The Server Demise for a year. We only have a year left - we've burned half the time since we recognized this was a problem, and don't even have a play yet. What we're hacking at is big - inevitable, unavoidable, months at least, we can't understand it all until we start and it is bet-the-company big.

I've tried to instigate some progress, and failed, so far. Thing is, the wall keeps coming at us at the same speed. So, you need to know - there's a bit risk out there, we know about it, and we're stuck."

Whatever happens after that at least won't be boring.